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France

France

Sources of France information from the Web

So...you're looking for France. Whether its a holiday, on business or for a flying visit, France is increasing in popularity amongst us Brits - and rightly so!

The French people will tell you that there is so much more to see and do in France than just what you see in the brochures.

Thats why its important to get your travel plans sorted out properly, and in our opinion, flight, holiday and hotel specialists Opodo offer the best service online - but you can find that out for yourself here ....


After the war of 1689-1697 gained France only Haiti (lost to a slave revolt a century later), the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1713) ended with the undoing of Louis's dreams of a Franco-Spanish Bourbon empire: the two conflicts strained French resources already weakened by disastrous harvests in the 1690s and in 1709, as well as by the revocation (1685) of the Edict of Nantes and the consequent loss of Huguenot support and manpower.

Under the constitution, the president was originally elected for a seven year term; this has been reduced to five years. The president names the prime minister, presides over the cabinet, commands the armed forces, and concludes treaties. The president may submit questions to national referenda and can dissolve the National Assembly. In certain emergencies, the president may assume special, comprehensive powers.

Barely were the Italian Wars over than France was plunged into a domestic crisis with far-reaching consequences. Despite the conclusion of a Concordat between France and the Papacy (1516), granting the crown unrivalled power in senior ecclesiastical appointments, France was deeply affected by the Protestant Reformation's attempt to break the unity of Roman Catholic Europe.

The midpoint of the Third Republic was known as the belle époque in France, a golden time of beauty, innovation, and peace with its European neighbors. New inventions made life easier at all social levels, the cultural scene thrived, cabaret, cancan, and the cinema were born, and art took new forms with Impressionism and Art Nouveau. The glory of this turn-of-the-century period came to an end with the outbreak of World War I.

Napoleon Bonaparte seized control of the republic in 1799, making himself First Consul. His armies engaged in several wars across Europe, conquered many countries and established new kingdoms with Napoleon's family members at the helm. Following his defeat in 1815, the French monarchy was re-established, which was then legislatively abolished and followed by a Second Republic in 1848. The Second Republic ended when the late Emperor's nephew, Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte was elected President and proclaimed a Second Empire in 1852. Less ambitious than his uncle, the second Napoleon was also ultimately unseated, and republican rule returned for a third time in the Third Republic (1870).

The national government of France is divided into an executive branch, a legislative branch and a judiciary branch. The President of France has some direct executive power but most of the formal power resides in his appointee the Prime Minister of France, the choice of which in practice has to be approved by the French National Assembly, the lower house of Parliament (see below for a discussion of the division of power between the President and Prime Minister). Parliament passes statutes and votes the budget; it also controls the action of the executive through questioning and enquiry commissions. The constitutionality of the statutes is checked by the Constitutional Council. Finally, the independent judiciary is divided into the judicial branch (dealing with civil and criminal law) and the administrative branch (dealing with recourses against executive decisions), each with their own independent supreme court. In addition, the French government comprises various bodies checking against possible abuses of power and independant agencies.

Starting with the 19th century, the historical evolution of the population in France has been extremely atypical in the Western World. Unlike the rest of Europe, France did not experience a strong population growth in the 19th century and first half of the 20th century. Conversely, it experienced a much stronger growth in the second half of the 20th century than the rest of Europe or indeed its own growth in the previous centuries.

The reign (1715-1774) of Louis XV saw an initial return to peace and prosperity under the regency (1715-1723) of Philippe II, duke of Orléans, whose policies were largely continued (1726-1743) by Cardinal Fleury, prime minister in all but name, renewed war with the Empire (1733-1735 and 1740-1748) being fought largely in the East. But alliance with the traditional Habsburg enemy (the "Diplomatic Revolution" of 1756) against the rising power of Britain and Prussia led to costly failure in the Seven Years' War (1756-1763).

During the latter years of the elderly Charlemagne's rule, the Vikings made advances along the northern and western perimeters of his kingdom. After Charlemagne's death in 814 his heirs were incapable of maintaining any kind of political unity and the once great Empire began to crumble. Viking advances were allowed to escalate, their dreaded longboats sailing up the Loire and Seine Rivers and other inland waterways, wreaking havoc and spreading terror. In 843 the Viking invaders murdered the Bishop of Nantes and a few years after that, they burned the Church of Saint-Martin at Tours. Emboldened by their successes, in 845 the Vikings ransacked Paris. Charles the Simple (898-922), whose territory comprised much of the France of today, was forced during his reign to concede to the Vikings a large area on either side of the Seine River, downstream from Paris, that was to become Normandy.

Current President Jacques Chirac assumed office May 17, 1995, after a campaign focused on the need to combat France's stubbornly high unemployment rate. The center of domestic attention soon shifted, however, to the economic reform and belt-tightening measures required for France to meet the criteria for Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) laid out by the Maastricht Treaty. In late 1995, France experienced its worst labor unrest in at least a decade, as employees protested government cutbacks.

One of the most important events during the Third Republic was the Dreyfus Affair, a political scandal that highlighted the dangerous levels of Anti-semitism and clerical power in the higher reaches of the French political and military systems, towards the end of the 19th century, which ultimately led to the speedy passing of the 1905 law on laïcité, split the whole nation and is referred to in most of the issues in France since that date.

Today, France is at the forefront of European states seeking to exploit the momentum of monetary union to advance the creation of a more unified and capable European political, defence and security apparatus.

During the reign of Louis XIV (1643-1715), France was the dominant power in Europe, aided by the diplomacy of Richelieu's successor (1642-1661) Cardinal Mazarin and the economic policies (1661-1683) of Colbert. Renewed war (1667-1668 and 1672-1678) brought further territorial gains (Artois and western Flanders and the free county of Burgundy, left to the Empire in 1482), but at the cost of the increasingly concerted opposition of rival powers.

Following the Second World War, and especially the Fifth Republic, France embarked on an ambitious and mostly very successful program of modernization, under state impulse and coordination. This program of dirigisme, mostly implemented by right-wing governments, involved the state control of a minority of the industry, such as transportation, energy and telecommunication infrastructures, as well as various incentives for private corporations to merge or engage in certain projects.

The May 1958 seizure of power in Algiers by French army units and French settlers opposed to concessions in the face of Arab nationalist insurrection led to the fall of the French government and a presidential invitation to de Gaulle to form an emergency government to forestall the threat of civil war. Swiftly replacing the existing constitution with one strengthening the powers of the presidency, he became the elected president in December of that year, inaugurating France's Fifth Republic.



1. Wikipedia: France
Entry covering the western European country of France. Shows its flag, its coat of arms, demographic information, and information on its government and military.

2. Air France
Official site featuring online booking, trip planning, and flight information.

3. France Magazine
Publication for English-speaking lovers of France.

4. AirFrance.co.uk | Book flights to France, USA and Europe from London.
Book cheap flights, car hire and hotels to France, Europe and the US from London airports. Get direct flights, cheap car hire, hotel offers and air travel deals online.

5. France.com
Dedicated to the French community, Francophones and Francophiles. Has sections on history, culture, gastronomy, news and media, business, and travel.

6. Disneyland Resort Paris | Buy Tickets and Book your Hotel Online
Enter the Magic of Disneyland Paris in France. Book now tickets on the official website for the amusement parks, hotels, golf and Disney Village for magic and fun.

7. France Gites, France cottages, self catering holiday cottages villas ...
Annuaire de Gites de vacances en France, locations entre particuliers à la campagne ou sur la côte; des gîtes de qualité en toute région ... The regions of France ...

8. Rightmove - Property for sale in France
Find your perfect property in France, search a wide range of properties for sale in France with Rightmove ... France's Mediterranean coast is home to some of ...

9. Brittany Ferries - Guides to France and Spain
Need to know more about France or Spain? ... France Guide ... Historical Sites & MonumentsView our selected historical sites and monuments in France ...

10. French Connections
Features a wide selection of self catering holidays in France, with privately owned gites, villas, farmhouses, and apartments.

11. Welcome to Crystal Ski Holidays - France
Crystal Ski is the UK's number 1 ski operator offering great skiing and snowboarding holidays to over 14 countries. ... France Resorts ...

12. Camping France and French Campsites with French Freedom Holidays
Camping France, French Freedom offer great value mobile home holidays and ... Mobile Home Holidays in France ... Campsites in France ...

13. Tourism Holiday in France - hotel gastronomy France camping - Travel to ...
Franceguide, online tourism guide offers you a large amount of informations for travelling in France, including France hotel, camping and gastronomy

14. France Travel Guide | Travel Information Guide
France Travel Guide | Travel Information Guide, It is nigh impossible not to like France. ... Country Guides > Europe Country Guides > France - Overview ...

15. FranceAirports Cheap Car Hire | easyCar.com
Rent a car in FranceAirports, other cities in France and around the world with easyCar.com the low cost, online car hire specialist.

16. France Vacations - Europe Tourism - TripAdvisor
France: Visit TripAdvisor for 134,411 unbiased reviews and travel guides on hotels, attractions, and restaurants in France, Europe.

17. SeaFrance Dover - Calais Ferries
Enjoy a taste of France the moment you step ... in France & Belgium. Sitemap. Terms & Conditions. Privacy. FAQ. Useful Links. Brochure Download ...

18. ø Places to stay in France ø
Places to stay in France: Holiday accommodation - book direct with owners in France ... PIGEONNIER WITH LARGE HEATED POOL IN RURAL FRANCE - Aquitaine Region ...

19. Go to France,Travel France, France hotels, France flights, French holidays
Go to France is guaranteed to provide you with everything you need to make your ... France Ski Deals. Luxury for less - Les Arcs' newest village at Arc 1950 ...

20. France Villas, Gites, Bed and Breakfasts - Book with Owners :: Visit France
French accommodation guide listing self catering gites, villas, apartments, ... Your France Holiday Guide. Hotels Self Catering B&Bs Mobile Homes Campsites ...

21. Holiday Homes France for self catering vacation rentals of French ...
Holiday Homes France offers a superb choice of vacation properties in all areas of France, from Normandy and Brittany in the North - to Provence and Languedoc in the ...

22. RentalsFrance.com - Rentals France - holiday home and villa rentals
Villas, gites, apartments and other property all across France. ... chateau and apartments in France ... Link to Us - Sitemap © Rentals France 1999-2007 ...

23. Cheap FRANCE Hotels | Find Hotels in FRANCE - Kelkoo UK
... in FRANCE on Kelkoo ... cheap hotels in FRANCE by selecting a destination ... Air France. Air Uk. Alitalia. BMI Baby. BMI British Midland. British ...

24. Property in France: Masa International's selection of France Property
Masa International - Properties in France ... There are several reasons why France should be considered as an ideal location ... of our Properties in France. ...

25. Brittany Ferries - Gite & cottage holidays in Aquitaine, France
Browse through our entire range of Gites and cottages in Aquitaine, France ... Premier Hotels in France & Spain. Car Tour Holidays in Spain. Activity & Walking ...

26. Keycamp holidays - self-catering holidays in France, Spain, Italy ...
... and campsite information page for France, Spain, Italy, Holland, Austria, Switzerland, Sardinia ... To the north west of France is Brittany with its emerald ...

27. Your hotel in France, your hotels all over the world with Planigo
Your hotel in France and all around the world with Planigo. Large choice of hotels and prices. Online hotel reservation. Over 20 000 hotels to book all over the world

28. Allez France
Offers cottage and villa holidays in France.

29. ILA : learn French in France, French language school, French language ...
Come to learn French in Southern France at Institut Linguistique Adenet : our French language school provides you with quality French courses, taught by qualified ...

30. Ferries to France - Book a ferry to france with Direct ferries UK
... range of Ferries to France with all the leading Ferry to france ferry operators. ... Book ferries to France from 6 ports in England, 3 ports from Ireland, 2 ferry ...

31. French Regions: Maps and practical information
How to get There? What is the weather like? All you need ... Rental with "Gites de France" Mobile home / Tent pitch. Campsite pitch. Certified Tour Operators ...

32. France - The currency, phone code, visa requirements and more practical ...
France ... not need visas to visit France, as tourists for up to three ... Local dishes: Rich and varied, as France is the world leader in gastronomic terms. ...

33. Campsites France - Caravan and Family Holidays France : siblu Holidays
siblu family holidays, offer superior family camping holidays in ideallic locations in France. Enjoy the great outdoors in Brittany, Vendee, Charente Maritime, ...

34. United Kingdom: Embassy of France in London
Official website of the French embassy in the United Kingdom. ... Move to France: driving, education, taxation, NHS. Translator ... Science News from France ...

35. France Photo Tour France. Tourist Information - VIRTOURIST.COM
France Photo Tours: If you are planning a trip to France, you will find (almost) all the info you need on these pages. ... France is a country with an ...

36. How to travel by train from London to France | By Eurostar & TGV...
Train times, fares & how to buy tickets for travel by Eurostar & TGV high-speed train from London to Paris, Lyon, Nice, Marseille, Cannes, Bordeaux, Lourdes, ...

37. Air France: Flights, Cheap tickets to Paris, France and Europe lowest ...
Air France puts the best technology at your service! all our e-services. Our best offers ... Site map | About Air France | Sustainable development | Become an ...

38. France villas - villa holidays in Provence, Cote d'Azur, and Corsica.
Villa holidays in France from James Villas including Provence, Cote d'Azur, La ... Biarritz area offers you the chance to take a typical France villa holiday. ...

39. France boating holidays on French canals and rivers
Barge and boat holidays on the rivers and canals of France. ... France Boating Holidays and River Cruises ... River Cruise Holidays in France ...

40. French Living and Property - for sale rent renovation at Total France
To find a property to buy or rent in all regions of France. ... Read Headlines on France-related matters from news suppliers all around the world ...



France and France online resources.