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France

France

Sources of France information from the Web

So...you're looking for France. Whether its a holiday, on business or for a flying visit, France is increasing in popularity amongst us Brits - and rightly so!

The French people will tell you that there is so much more to see and do in France than just what you see in the brochures.

Thats why its important to get your travel plans sorted out properly, and in our opinion, flight, holiday and hotel specialists Opodo offer the best service online - but you can find that out for yourself here ....


Napoleon Bonaparte seized control of the republic in 1799, making himself First Consul. His armies engaged in several wars across Europe, conquered many countries and established new kingdoms with Napoleon's family members at the helm. Following his defeat in 1815, the French monarchy was re-established, which was then legislatively abolished and followed by a Second Republic in 1848. The Second Republic ended when the late Emperor's nephew, Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte was elected President and proclaimed a Second Empire in 1852. Less ambitious than his uncle, the second Napoleon was also ultimately unseated, and republican rule returned for a third time in the Third Republic (1870).

The French Republic or France is a country whose metropolitan territory is located in western Europe, and which is further made up of a collection of overseas islands and territories located in other continents.

France is the fourth-largest Western industrialized economy. It has substantial agricultural resources, a large industrial base, and a highly skilled work force. A dynamic services sector accounts for an increasingly large share of economic activity (72% in 1997) and is responsible for nearly all job creation in recent years. GDP growth averaged 2% between 1994 and 1998, with 3% recorded in 2000.

During the latter years of the elderly Charlemagne's rule, the Vikings made advances along the northern and western perimeters of his kingdom. After Charlemagne's death in 814 his heirs were incapable of maintaining any kind of political unity and the once great Empire began to crumble. Viking advances were allowed to escalate, their dreaded longboats sailing up the Loire and Seine Rivers and other inland waterways, wreaking havoc and spreading terror. In 843 the Viking invaders murdered the Bishop of Nantes and a few years after that, they burned the Church of Saint-Martin at Tours. Emboldened by their successes, in 845 the Vikings ransacked Paris. Charles the Simple (898-922), whose territory comprised much of the France of today, was forced during his reign to concede to the Vikings a large area on either side of the Seine River, downstream from Paris, that was to become Normandy.

Barely were the Italian Wars over than France was plunged into a domestic crisis with far-reaching consequences. Despite the conclusion of a Concordat between France and the Papacy (1516), granting the crown unrivalled power in senior ecclesiastical appointments, France was deeply affected by the Protestant Reformation's attempt to break the unity of Roman Catholic Europe.

The extinction of the main Capetian line (1328) brought to the throne the related house of Valois, but as Philippe IV's grandson, Edward III of England claimed the French crown for himself, inaugurating the succession of conflicts known collectively as the Hundred Years' War. The following century was to see devastating warfare, peasant revolts in both England (Wat Tyler's revolt of 1381) and France (the Jacquerie of 1358) and the growth of nationhood in both countries.

The national government of France is divided into an executive branch, a legislative branch and a judiciary branch. The President of France has some direct executive power but most of the formal power resides in his appointee the Prime Minister of France, the choice of which in practice has to be approved by the French National Assembly, the lower house of Parliament (see below for a discussion of the division of power between the President and Prime Minister). Parliament passes statutes and votes the budget; it also controls the action of the executive through questioning and enquiry commissions. The constitutionality of the statutes is checked by the Constitutional Council. Finally, the independent judiciary is divided into the judicial branch (dealing with civil and criminal law) and the administrative branch (dealing with recourses against executive decisions), each with their own independent supreme court. In addition, the French government comprises various bodies checking against possible abuses of power and independant agencies.

France surrendered to Nazi Germany early in World War II (June 24, 1940). Nazi Germany occupied three fifths of France's territory leaving the rest to the new Vichy collaboration government established on July 10, 1940 under Henri Philippe Pétain. Its senior leaders acquiesced in the plunder of French resources, as well as the sending of French forced labor to Nazi Germany; in doing so, they claimed they hoped to preserve at least some small amount of French sovereignty. The Nazi German occupation proved costly, however, as Nazi Germany appropriated a full one-half of France's public sector revenue.

The official language spoken in France is French. Several regional languages (including Basque, Breton, Catalan, Corsican, Dutch (Flemish), Alsatian, Occitan and Oïl languages) are also occasionally understood and spoken, mostly by elderly people, but the French government and public school system discouraged the use of any of them until recently. The regional languages are now taught at some schools, though French remains the only official language in use by the government, local or national.

France has an important aerospace industry (lead by Airbus Industrie) and is the only European power to have its own national space centre. France is also the most energy independent Western country due to heavy investment in nuclear power, which also makes France the smallest producer of carbon dioxide among the seven most industrialised countries in the world. Large tracts of fertile land, the application of modern technology, and EU subsidies have combined to make France the leading agricultural producer in Western Europe.

During the reign of Louis XIV (1643-1715), France was the dominant power in Europe, aided by the diplomacy of Richelieu's successor (1642-1661) Cardinal Mazarin and the economic policies (1661-1683) of Colbert. Renewed war (1667-1668 and 1672-1678) brought further territorial gains (Artois and western Flanders and the free county of Burgundy, left to the Empire in 1482), but at the cost of the increasingly concerted opposition of rival powers.

On the eve of the French Revolution of 1789, France was a predominantly rural country ruled by an absolute monarch and the aristocracy under the now-called ancien régime, very backwards in many ways (for instance, torture was considered an appropriate means of extracting confessions in criminal trials; there was no freedom of religion, except that Protestantism was tolerated...). The ideas of the Enlightenment had however begun to permeate the educated classes of society.



1. France - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Entry covering the western European country of France. Shows its flag, its coat of arms, demographic information, and information on its government and military.

2. Air France
Official site featuring online booking, trip planning, and flight information.

3. AirFrance.co.uk | Book flights to France, USA and Europe from London.
Book cheap flights, car hire and hotels to France, Europe and the US from London airports. Get direct flights, cheap car hire, hotel offers and air travel deals online.

4. France Magazine
Publication for English-speaking lovers of France.

5. Sea France
Operator of Dover-Calais ferries.

6. Disneyland Resort Paris | Buy Tickets and Book your Hotel Online
Enter the Magic of Disneyland Paris in France. Book now tickets on the official website for the amusement parks, hotels, golf and Disney Village for magic and fun.

7. France.com
Dedicated to the French community, Francophones and Francophiles. Has sections on history, culture, gastronomy, news and media, business, and travel.

8. France Gites, France cottages, self catering holiday cottages villas ...
Annuaire de Gites de vacances en France, locations entre particuliers à la campagne ou sur la côte; des gîtes de qualité en toute région ... The regions of France ...

9. Camping France and French Campsites with French Freedom Holidays
Camping France, French Freedom offer great value mobile home holidays and ... Mobile Home Holidays in France ... Campsites in France ...

10. Holiday homes & cottages in France
Best choice of self catering holiday homes & cottages in France. Book direct with the owner on the largest and most trusted site for great value in Alsace, ...

11. Air France: Flights, Cheap tickets to Paris, France and Europe lowest ...
you can book and purchase tickets directly online to more than 500 destinations within the Air France worldwide network. ... Enjoy 75 years of Air France ...

12. France Travel Vacation - France Provence Travel- France Paris Travel ...
France Travel Vacation - France Provence Travel- France Paris Travel - Paris ... Franceand join our community of 76,000 readers. Each issue includes a special ...

13. Ferries to France and Ireland from Dover and Liverpool | Norfolkline
Ferry booking to France and Ireland. Norfolkline's cross-channel ferries to France from Dover to Dunkerque, and ferries to Ireland from Liverpool to Belfast and Dublin.

14. Cottage, villa and hotel holidays in France and Corsica with VFB Holidays
Offers a range of holidays to France and Corsica, including cottages, hotels, activity holidays, and escorted tours.

15. Rightmove - Property for sale in France
Find your perfect property in France, search a wide range of properties for sale in France with Rightmove ... France's Mediterranean coast is home to some of ...

16. Ferries to France, St Malo, Jersey and Guernsey with Condor Ferries
Ferries to France and other ferry service destinations including St Malo, Jersey, Guernsey, Poole, Portsmouth and Weymouth. Save more than miles to get to your ...

17. Low Cost Car Hire at France Airports | easyCar.com
Rent a car at airport france and other airports and cities in France and around the world with easyCar.com the low cost, online car hire specialist.

18. Brittany Ferries - Guides to France and Spain
Need to know more about France or Spain? ... France Guide ... Historical Sites & MonumentsView our selected historical sites and monuments in France ...

19. Brittany Ferries - Ferry Crossings & Holidays to France & Spain
Book your ferry crossing to France or Spain online and find holiday accommodation using the holiday search feature.

20. Holiday gites, apartments and villas in France
Bed and breakfasts, holiday villas in France, gites, chalets, farmhouses and apartments for rental France. Accommodation rentals private owner

21. French Living and Property - for sale rent renovation at Total France
To find a property to buy or rent in all regions of France. ... Read Headlines on France-related matters from news suppliers all around the world ...

22. Your hotel in France, your hotels all over the world with Planigo
Your hotel in France and all around the world with Planigo. Large choice of hotels and prices. Online hotel reservation. Over 20 000 hotels to book all over the world

23. Living in France, Holidays and French Property - Lost-in-France.com
Your complete guide to France with information about buying French property, living in France, travel guides and holidays in France from Lost-in-France.com

24. Campsites France - Caravan and Family Holidays France : siblu Holidays
siblu family holidays, offer superior family camping holidays in ideallic locations in France. Enjoy the great outdoors in Brittany, Vendee, Charente Maritime, ...

25. How to travel by train from London to France | By Eurostar & TGV...
Train times, fares & how to buy tickets for travel by Eurostar & TGV high-speed train from London to Paris, Lyon, Nice, Marseille, Cannes, Bordeaux, Lourdes, ...

26. France Villas, Gites, Bed and Breakfasts - Book with Owners :: Visit France
French accommodation guide listing self catering gites, villas, apartments, ... Your France Holiday Guide. Hotels Self Catering B&Bs Mobile Homes Campsites ...

27. Tourism Holiday in France - hotel gastronomy France camping - Travel to ...
Franceguide, online tourism guide offers you a large amount of informations for travelling in France, including France hotel, camping and gastronomy

28. Holiday Homes France for self catering vacation rentals of French ...
Holiday Homes France offers a superb choice of vacation properties in all areas of France, from Normandy and Brittany in the North - to Provence and Languedoc in the ...

29. Living France - Buying a house in France, moving to France and owning ...
Living France Magazine website - Your guide to buying a house or property in France, moving to France, living in France and owning French Property

30. RentalsFrance.com - Rentals France - holiday home and villa rentals
Villas, gites, apartments and other property all across France. ... chateau and apartments in France ... Link to Us - Sitemap © Rentals France 1999-2007 ...

31. ø Places to stay in France ø
Places to stay in France: Holiday accommodation - book direct with owners in France ... Paris & Île-de-France. Pays de la Loire. Picardy. Poitou-Charentes ...

32. French Tourist Office for France tourism, travel & tours; Paris ...
Official website for the French Tourist Office. Site includes a guide to accommodations, popular regions, cultural sites, and activities.

33. Cheap FRANCE Hotels | Find Hotels in FRANCE - Kelkoo UK
... in FRANCE on Kelkoo ... cheap hotels in FRANCE by selecting a destination ... Air France. Air Uk. Alitalia. BMI Baby. BMI British Midland. British ...

34. Property in France | Properties in France | Property for sale in France
Property in France - has been a favourite investment vehicle of the British property investor for decades now and with it is close proximity to the UK, cheap ...

35. Ski France | Skiing Holidays in France, Ski Holidays & Accommodation in ...
Ski holiday specialist with the best deals from the UK & Ireland to France: 38 top ski and snowboarding resorts ... "France is the most popular country for ...

36. Allez France
Offers cottage and villa holidays in France.

37. Camping and self catering holidays in France - for all the family - Keycamp
Camping holidays in France from Keycamp. Select your destination from our regional map of France to book a family holiday with Keycamp that you will never forget.

38. Air France: Flights, Cheap tickets to Paris, France and Europe lowest ...
you can book and purchase tickets directly online to more than 500 destinations within the Air France worldwide network ... Air France is celebrating 75 years! ...

39. Alastair Sawday's Special Places To Stay - Accommodation
We have burrowed deep in France and unearthed the most generous, ... Click your way to a Special Place to Stay using our interactive maps of France " ...



France and France online resources.